Methods: Based on the morphine withdrawal model, rats were morphine treated with increasing doses from 10 to 50 mg/kg twice daily over a period of 6 days. One of the potential pharmacotherapies may involve kratom's major indole alkaloid, mitragynine, since kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) preparations have been reported to alleviate opiate withdrawal signs in self-treatment in Malaysian opiate addicts.
Thus, other alternative therapies with less side effects, overdosing, and co-morbidities are desired.
Despite MAT effectiveness, there are still limitations and side effects of using methadone and buprenorphine. In a medication-assisted treatment (MAT), methadone and buprenorphine have been implemented as substitution drugs. A crucial component of the medical treatment is the management of highly aversive opiate withdrawal signs, which may otherwise lead to resumption of drug taking. 5Addiction Behaviour and Neuroplasticity Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singaporeīackground: Opiate addiction is a major health problem in many countries.4Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.3Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia.
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